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Showing posts from February, 2010

Awards and honors Alessandro Gentile

1 awards , honors 1.1 pro clubs 1.2 international 1.3 individual awards , honors pro clubs 2x serie champion: 2014, 2016 italian cup winner: 2016 italian supercup winner: 2016 greek cup winner: 2017 international fiba europe under-20 championship: 2011 bilbao: 02 ! silver individual 2× serie all-star: 2011, 2013 2× serie best player under 22: 2011, 2014 serie finals mvp: 2014 premio reverberi: 2014 (best male italian player)

Team information 2016–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság I (men's handball)

location of teams in 2016-17 nemzeti bajnokság i the following 14 clubs compete in nb during 2016–17 season: personnel , kits following list of clubs competing in 2016–17 nemzeti bajnokság i, president, head coach, kit manufacturer , shirt sponsor. managerial changes

The Hidden List of people associated with the Revolt of the Brotherhoods

the hidden (catalan: l encobert, spanish: el encubierto, hidden/shrouded [one] ) (d. 1522) mysterious , charismatic leader of remnants of agermanats in third phase of revolt in 1522. called hidden king (catalan: el rei encobert, spanish: el rey encubierto), claimed prince hidden own safety showing himself save spain ruin. true name unknown. several versions, quite dubious modern historians, exist origin. according claims , rumors circulated supporters, raised in gibraltar shepherd, hidden archbishop cisneros country s own , unaware of true nature great noble of kind. several versions of claim existed. in 1 version, prince juan, son of ferdinand , second wife germaine died @ birth; make him true ruler of aragon (if not castile). correct, however, hidden have been 12 years old when joined revolt, prince juan born , died in 1509. more plausible claim (officially) stillborn child of john of castile , margaret of austria. john child of ferdinand , isabella s, , furthermore older sister j...

Spelling reform proposals English-language spelling reform

most spelling reforms attempt improve phonemic representation, attempt genuine phonetic spelling, changing basic english alphabet or making new one. spelling reforms aim greater regularity in spelling. using basic english alphabet cut spelling speeding learning handbook of simplified spelling soundspel spelling reform 1 (sr1) wijk s regularized english extending or replacing basic english alphabet wikipedia: free encyclopedia written in deseret alphabet these proposals seek eliminate extensive use of digraphs (such ch , gh , kn- , -ng , ph , qu , sh , voiced , voiceless th , , wh- ) introducing new letters and/or diacritics. impetus removing digraphs each letter represents single sound. in digraph, 2 letters not represent individual sounds instead entirely different , discrete sound, can lead mishaps in pronunciation, in addition lengthier words. notable proposals include: benjamin franklin s phonetic alphabet deseret alphabet initial teaching alphabet interspel romic alphabet...

Nature reserve Cemaes Head

the stile entrance cemaes head nature reserve most of cemaes head comprises pastureland, headland contains nature reserve – cemaes head nature reserve (site centre no. sn131500) – measuring 20 ha (49.4 acres) in size. rated marine special area of conservation (sac) , site of special scientific interest (sssi). since 1984 has been owned , managed wildlife trust of south , west wales , predecessor trust purchased tenure countryside commission, dyfed county council, nature conservancy council , world wildlife fund. @ time 50th nature reserve acquired trust.

Nazi functionary Philipp Bouhler

bouhler adolf hitler, baldur von schirach, joseph goebbels , hermann göring; munich, october 1938 (from left) bouhler, karl freiherr michel von tüßling, robert ley wife inge; munich, july 1939 he joined nazi party (nsdap) in july 1922 membership number 12. autumn 1922 had become deputy manager of nsdap. after failed beerhall putsch in munich , subsequent refounding of party in 1925, became reich secretary of nsdap. after seizure of power in 1933, became reich leader , member of reichstag westphalia. joined ss in rank of gruppenführer on 20 april 1933 membership number: 54,932. on 30 january 1936, bouhler promoted rank of obergruppenführer. in august 1934, bouhler became police chairman of munich, , month later, appointed chief of adolf hitler s chancellery, post specially created on 17 november 1934 first , foremost set aside party business. held position until 23 april 1945. in job, instance, secret decrees might prepared, or internal business managed, before being brought before adol...

Squad 2006 IF Elfsborg season

1 squad 1.1 goalkeepers 1.2 defenders 1.3 midfielders 1.4 attackers squad goalkeepers johan wiland abbas hassan nicholas sharro defenders johan sjöberg martin andersson daniel mobaeck jon jönsson jesper arvidsson markus falk olander andreas augustsson midfielders johan karlsson jari ilola anders svensson samuel holmén magnus samuelsson sebastian göransson emir bajrami léandre griffit stefan ishizaki elmin kurbeqović daniel eres attackers mathias svensson joakim sjöhage daniel alexandersson denni avdić

Oscillations of a spring Angular frequency

an object attached spring can oscillate. if spring assumed ideal , massless no damping, motion simple , harmonic angular frequency given by ω = k m , {\displaystyle \omega ={\sqrt {\frac {k}{m}}},} where k spring constant, m mass of object. ω referred natural frequency (which can denoted ω0). as object oscillates, acceleration can calculated by a = − ω 2 x , {\displaystyle a=-\omega ^{2}x,} where x displacement equilibrium position. using ordinary revolutions-per-second frequency, equation be a = − 4 π 2 f 2 x . ...

Deaths 1661

martino martini köprülü mehmed pasha january 19 – thomas venner, english fifth monarchist (executed) january 25 – john hele, english politician (b. 1626) january 29 – bartolomeo gennari, italian painter (b. 1594) february 2 – lucas holstenius, german humanist (b. 1596) february 5 – shunzhi emperor of china (b. 1638) february 7 – shah shuja, second son of shah jahan , mumtaz mahal (b. 1616) march 1 – richard zouch, english jurist (b. 1590) march 9 – cardinal mazarin, french cardinal , statesman (b. 1602) march 23 – pieter de molijn, dutch painter (b. 1595) april 4 – alexander leslie, 1st earl of leven, scottish soldier(b. c. 1580) april 5 – john webster, colonial settler , governor of connecticut (b. 1590) april 7 – william brereton, english soldier , politician (b. 1604) april 11 – lady mary bankes, english defender of corfe castle (b. 1598) april 19 – joachim gersdorff, danish politician (b. 1611) may 5 – charles stuart, duke of cambridge (b. 1660) may 27 – archibald campbell, 1st mar...

Plant diversity Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park

1 plant diversity 1.1 mammals 1.2 birds 1.3 butterflies 1.4 reptiles plant diversity bhagwan mahaveer national park , surrounding area harbors 722 species of flowering plants in wild belonging 492 genera , 122 families. 128 species of endemic plants either endemic western ghats, peninsular india or india occur in national park. 2 described taxa viz. glyphochloa veldkampii m. a. fonseca et janarth. , amorphophallus commutatus (schott) engl. var. anmodensis sivad. & jaleel strictly restricted national park. additionally 37 species of pteridophytes found in national park. mammals wild mammals recorded in sanctuary include: black panther, barking deer, bengal tiger, leopard, bonnet macaque, common langur, civet, flying squirrel, gaur, malabar giant squirrel, mouse deer, pangolin, porcupine, slender loris, sambar, spotted deer, wild boar , wild dog. birds popular birds can seen in sanctuary include: drongo, emerald dove, fairy bluebird, golden oriole, greater indian hornbill, indian bla...

Thedford Lambton Shores

thedford, ontario, canada thedford small community in northwestern lambton county, ontario canada, situated 8 km south of kings highway 21, along lambton cr 79 (former kings highway 79). community began in 1860s when farmer nelson southworth, native of vermont, agreed donate land construction of grand trunk railway station, condition able name it. southworth chose name thetford , way of honouring thetford, vermont, community in home state in united states. local clerk s poor hand writing mistaken current spelling, how first appeared on official records. thedford raiders hockey team once held world record longest continuous hockey game, fundraiser juvenile diabetes. plaque @ entrance of town heralds onion capital of canada . a designated place within municipality of lambton shores, thedford had population of 822 in canada 2006 census. thedford telephone numbers start 519-296.

East Asia Granary

han dynasty granary on silk road west of dunhuang simple storage granaries raised on 4 or more posts appeared in yangshao culture in china , after onset of intensive agriculture in korean peninsula during mumun pottery period (c. 1000 b.c.) in japanese archipelago during final jōmon/early yayoi periods (c. 800 b.c.). in archaeological vernacular of northeast asia, these features lumped may have functioned residences , called raised floor buildings .

Buildings and grounds Green Templeton College, Oxford

1 buildings , grounds 1.1 radcliffe observatory 1.2 norham gardens site 1.3 housing 1.4 facilities 1.5 future developments buildings , grounds the radcliffe observatory the college located on three-acre site on woodstock road in north oxford housed green college. centred on architecturally important radcliffe observatory, 18th-century, grade listed building building, modelled on ancient tower of winds in athens. the observatory built @ suggestion of dr thomas hornsby, savilian professor of astronomy, after had used room in bodleian tower observe transit of venus across sun s disc in 1769. transit notable event helped produce improved measurements nautical navigation. built funds trustees of dr john radcliffe, considerable estate had financed new quadrangle old college (university college, oxford) radcliffe library (now radcliffe camera) , radcliffe infirmary. building began in 1772 plans architect henry keene, observer s house design. upon keene s death in 1776, observatory completed d...

Islam Animal sacrifice

muslims engaged in hajj (pilgrimage) obliged sacrifice lamb or goat or join others in sacrificing cow or camel during celebration of eid al-adha, arabic term means feast of sacrifice , known al-id al-kabir (great feast), or qurban bayrami (sacrifice feast) in turkic influenced cultures, bakar id (goat feast) in indian subcontinent , reraya qurben in indonesia. other muslims not on hajj mecca participate in sacrifice wherever are, on 10th day of 12th lunar month in islamic calendar. understood symbolic re-enactment of abraham s sacrifice of ram in place of son. meat occasion divided 3 parts, 1 part kept sacrificing family food, other gifted friends , family, , third given poor muslims. sacrificed animal sheep, goat, cow or camel. feast follows communal prayer @ mosque or open air. cattle sacrifice @ eid. the animal sacrifice during hajj part of 9 step pilgrimage ritual. is, states campo, preceded statement intention , body purification, inaugural circumambulation of kaaba 7 times, runn...

Sephardi.2C Mizrahi and Italian Jewish cuisine Jewish cuisine

stuffed peppers jewish style artichokes - hallmark of jewish community of rome . the exact distinction between traditional sephardic , mizrahi cuisines can difficult make, due intermingling of sephardi diaspora , mizrahi jews came in contact with. general rule, however, both types reflect food of local non-jewish population each group lived amongst. need preserve kashrut lead few significant changes (most notably, use of olive oil instead of animal fat considered legacy of jewish residency in area, due fact olive oil may eaten milk, unlike animal fat). despite this, sephardic , ashkenazic concepts of kosher differ; perhaps notable difference being rice, major staple of sephardic diet, considered kosher passover among sephardim forbidden kitniyot ashkenazim. potato bourekas sephardic cuisine in particular known considerable use of vegetables unavailable ashkenazim of europe, including spinach, artichokes, pine nuts, , (in more modern times) squash. cooking style largely middle eastern...

History University of Campinas

1 history 1.1 1960s: foundation 1.2 1970–1990: growth , crisis 1.3 1990 onwards history 1960s: foundation the maternity of campinas, school of medical sciences located in 1960s government of state of são paulo planned open new research center in interior of state promote development , industrialization in region, , commissioned zeferino vaz, founder of university of são paulo s school of medicine in ribeirão preto, organize it. in parallel, medical school being planned in campinas, demand local population dated 1940s. school of medicine of campinas created law in 1959, actual implementation never took place. the new university created law on december 28, 1962, effective functioning begun in 1966. before that, school of medicine functioned. in april 1963 first vestibular, general admissions exam, happened, 1,592 candidates competing 50 spots in medicine program. first lecture in newly created university of campinas took place on may 20 of same year. 1965, organizing commission new unive...

The New Adventures of He-Man (1990) He-Man

after end of masters of universe toy line, mattel attempted revive interest in he-man producing new toy line, entitled he-man. accompanying storyline in mini-comics packaged figures explained he-man had left eternia , pursued skeletor depths of space, skeletor had set sights on conquering distant world of primus (a planet great technological resources). he-man shown have relinquished identity of prince adam altogether, basing himself on primus led team of defenders known galactic guardians. he-man s appearance retooled new toy line, space helmet , golden armor added attire give him more futuristic appearance; sword redesigned. in insert comics issued in toy line s run, prince adam begins transform – grabbed skeletor, astonished see prince adam casting kind of strange spell (not realizing transform he-man). still holding onto adam, skeletor caught in backwash of power comic proclaimed prince adam no more. long live he-man! therefore, he-man responsible cybernetic breastplate on skelet...

ATP doubles main draw entrants 2014 Mutua Madrid Open

1 atp doubles main draw entrants 1.1 seeds 1.2 other entrants 1.3 withdrawals atp doubles main draw entrants seeds rankings of april 28, 2014. other entrants the following pairs received wildcards doubles main draw: jonathan erlich / lukáš rosol feliciano lópez / juan mónaco withdrawals during tournament john isner (back injury) milos raonic (shoulder injury)

References Ringed seals and climate change

m. s. olsen, t. v. callaghan, j. d. reist, l. o. reiersen, d. dahl-jensen, m. a. granskog, b. goodison, g. k. hovelsrud, m. johansson, r. kallenborn, j. key, a. klepikov, w. meier, j. e. overland, t. d. prowse, m. sharp, w. f. vincent, j. walsh. (2011). changing arctic cryosphere , consequences: overview. ambio: journal of human environment, 40(sp1), 111-118. doi: 10.1007/s13280-011-0220-y. ringed seal - phoca hispida . (2013). retrieved http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/ringed-seal/ hoover, c (2013). effects of hunting, fishing , climate change on hudson bay marine ecosystem: ii. ecosystem model future projections . ecological modeling. 264: 143–156. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.01.010.  ferguson, s. h.; stirling, i.; mcloughlin, p. (2005). climate change , ringed seal (phoca hispida) recruitment in western hudson bay . marine mammal science. 21: 121–135. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01212.x.  meier (2004). simulated distributions of baltic sea-ice in...

Cast and characters The Partridge Family

notable guest stars during four-season run, many actors made guest appearances on show. of them known @ time, such morey amsterdam, john astin, carl ballantine, john banner, edgar buchanan, george chakiris, dick clark (who later hosted other half 2001 2003 danny bonaduce), jackie coogan, howard cosell, jodie foster, bernard fox, ned glass, james gregory, margaret hamilton, pat harrington jr., arte johnson, harvey lembeck, art metrano, mary ann mobley, harry morgan, slim pickens, richard pryor, barbara rhoades, william schallert, nita talbot, larry wilcox, dick wilson, , william windom. others later become famous in other roles, such meredith baxter, richard bull, bert convy, farrah fawcett, norman fell, anthony geary, louis gossett jr., harold gould, jackie earle haley, mark hamill, season hubley, ann jillian, gordon jump, cheryl ladd, michael lembeck, william lucking, stuart margolin, richard mulligan, michael ontkean, noam pitlik, annette o toole, charlotte rae, rob reiner, jack rile...

Course Snake River

the snake river exits jackson lake , winds southwards through jackson hole formed confluence of 3 tiny headstreams on southwest flank of 2 oceans plateau in western wyoming , yellowstone national park, snake starts out small river flowing west , south jackson lake. first 50 miles (80 km) run through valley of jackson hole, cuts between teton range , continental divide. snake takes large bend northwest through snake river canyon, cutting through snake river range , eastern idaho, receiving first hoback , greys rivers before entering palisades reservoir. there met salt river @ mouth of star valley. after passing through palisades dam, snake river flows through snake river plain, vast physiographic province extending through southern idaho across massif of rocky mountains , underlain snake river aquifer, 1 of productive aquifers in united states. southwest of city of rexburg, snake receives right henrys fork, called north fork of snake river. confluence henrys fork takes river southwards ...

Pharmacology Bromocriptine

^ de leeuw van weenen, j. e.; parlevliet, e. t.; maechler, p.; havekes, l. m.; romijn, j. a.; ouwens, d. m.; pijl, h.; guigas, b. (2010). dopamine receptor d2 agonist bromocriptine inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion direct activation of α2-adrenergic receptors in beta cells . biochemical pharmacology. 79 (12): 1827–36. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2010.01.029. pmid 20138024.  ^ shirasaki, y; sugimura, m; sato, t (september 2010). bromocriptine, ergot alkaloid, inhibits excitatory amino acid release mediated glutamate transporter reversal . european journal of pharmacology. 643 (1): 48–57. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.007. pmid 20599932.  ^ national institute ofmental health. pdsd ki database (internet) [cited 2013 jul 24]. chapelhill (nc): university of north carolina. 1998-2013. available from:  archived copy . archived original on 2013-11-08. retrieved 2013-11-26. 

History No. 15 Squadron RAF

1 history 1.1 world war i 1.2 interwar 1919–1939 1.3 world war ii 1.4 cold war service 1.5 service nuclear force 1.6 desert storm onwards history world war i no. 15 squadron first formed @ farnborough airfield on 1 march 1915 royal flying corps training unit, commanded major philip joubert de la ferté. equipped royal aircraft factory b.e.2cs, supplemented few bristol scouts, , moved france on 22 december 1915, undertaking reconnaissance role in support of army. operated in support of iv corps during battle of somme in summer 1916, suffering heavy losses both ground fire , german fighter aircraft. praised douglas haig work in support of fifth army in ancre salient in january 1917. it again heavily committed action in support of offensive @ arras in spring 1917. re-equipped royal aircraft factory r.e.8 in june 1917, retaining harry tate (a rhyming-slang term aircraft) until end of first world war. great tank attack @ battle of cambrai, no.15 squadron specially tasked checking camouflag...

United States My Kitchen Rules

in 2012, us-based production company kinetic content acquired format rights american version of show during miptv media market event in cannes, france. u.s. tv network fox has ordered 8 episodes of mkr featuring celebrities in hollywood homes curtis stone & cat cora series co-judges.

History San Lorenzo, California

san lorenzo, california. fruit , vegetable stand on highway operated filipino-american. san lorenzo located on route of el camino viejo on land of former rancho san lorenzo mexican land grant given guillermo castro in 1841, , former rancho san leandro, granted josé joaquin estudillo in 1842. early residents during california gold rush era lived here squatters along border between rancho san lorenzo , rancho san leandro. informal name given area squatterville. the first post office opened in san lorenzo in 1854. many of inhabitants have been laid rest in san lorenzo pioneer cemetery, including moses wicks, brought oysters san leandro bay (by boat around cape) patchogue, long island.. cemetery maintained county , hayward area historical society. san lorenzo farmland, significant center of production of fruit , flowers, mid-19th century mid-20th century. in 1944, under contract u.s. navy, david d. bohannon company began construction of san lorenzo village, tract of two- , three-bedroom ho...

Characteristics of the scene Goth subculture

1 characteristics of scene 1.1 icons 1.2 fashion 1.3 films 1.4 books , magazines 1.5 graphic art 1.6 events 1.7 interior design characteristics of scene icons notable examples of goth icons include several bandleaders: siouxsie sioux of siouxsie , banshees, robert smith of cure, peter murphy of bauhaus, rozz williams of christian death, ian curtis of joy division, , dave vanian of damned. members of bauhaus were, themselves, fine art students or active artists. nick cave dubbed grand lord of gothic lushness . nico notable icon of goth fashion , music, pioneering records marble index , desertshore , persona adopted after release. fashion gothic model lady amaranth gothic fashion stereotyped conspicuously dark, eerie, mysterious, complex , exotic. goth fashion can recognized stark black clothing. typical gothic fashion includes dyed black hair, dark eyeliner, black fingernails , black period-styled clothing; goths may or may not have piercings. styles borrowed elizabethan, victorian or ...

Game summaries 2016 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team

1 game summaries 1.1 tulane 1.2 @ duke 1.3 delaware 1.4 @ indiana 1.5 @ nc state 1.6 syracuse 1.7 @ florida state 1.8 army 1.9 virginia 1.10 @ louisville 1.11 clemson 1.12 boston college 1.13 vs. temple – military bowl game summaries tulane 3rd meeting. 0–2 time. last meeting 1995, 35–9 green wave in new orleans. at bb&t field, winston–salem, nc date: september 1 game time: 7:00 pm est game weather: 72° f • n 2 • cloudy, rain game attendance: 24,398 referee: david epperley tv announcers (espn3): play-by-play: taylor zauzour • color analyst: al groh final stats @ duke 97th meeting. 37–57–2 time. last meeting 2015, 27–21 blue devils in winston–salem. at wallace wade stadium, durham, nc date: september 10 game time: 3:30 pm est game weather: 91° f • s 7 • cloudy game attendance: 21,077 referee: duane heydt tv announcers (espnu): play-by-play: eamon mcananey • color analyst: john congemi final stats delaware 2nd meeting. 1–0 time. last meeting 1932, 7–0 demon deacons in newark...

Influence Pharsalia

the base of confederate memorial @ arlington national cemetery in united states, inscribed lucan s line, victrix causa deis placuit sed victa catoni. lucan s work popular in own day , remained school text in late antiquity , during middle ages. on 400 manuscripts survive; interest court of charlemagne evidenced existence of 5 complete manuscripts 9th century. dante includes lucan among other classical poets in first circle of inferno, , draws on pharsalia in scene antaeus (a giant depicted in story lucan s book iv). christopher marlowe published translation of book i, while thomas may followed complete translation heroic couplets in 1626. may later translated remaining books , wrote continuation of lucan s incomplete poem. 7 books of may s effort take story through caesar s assassination. the line victrix causa deis placuit sed victa catoni has been favorite supporters of lost causes on centuries; can translated winning cause pleased gods, lost cause pleased cato . 1 american exampl...

World Wars era Modern history

1 world wars era 1.1 start of 20th century 1.2 edwardian britain 1.3 world war i 1.4 revolutions , war 1.5 1920s , depression 1.6 nanjing period 1.7 league , crises 1.8 tripartite pact 1.9 world war ii world wars era start of 20th century four years 20th century saw russo-japanese war battle of port arthur establishing empire of japan world power. russians in constant pursuit of warm water port on pacific ocean, navy maritime trade. manchurian campaign of russian empire fought against japanese on manchuria , korea. major theatres of operations southern manchuria, area around liaodong peninsula , mukden, , seas around korea, japan, , yellow sea. resulting campaigns, in fledgling japanese military consistently attained victory on russian forces arrayed against them, unexpected world observers. these victories, time transpired, dramatically transform distribution of power in east asia, resulting in reassessment of japan s recent entry onto world stage. embarrassing string of defeats incre...

Meiji Japan Modern history

around end of 19th century , 20th century, meiji era marked reign of meiji emperor. during time, japan started modernization , rose world power status. era name means enlightened rule . in japan, meiji restoration started in 1860s, marking rapid modernization japanese along european lines. research has focused on issues of discontinuity versus continuity previous tokugawa period. in 1960s younger japanese scholars led irokawa daikichi, reacted against bureaucratic superstate, , began searching historic role of common people . avoided elite, , focused not on political events on social forces , attitudes. rejected both marxism , modernization theory alien , confining. stressed importance of popular energies in development of modern japan. enlarged history using methods of social history. not until beginning of meiji era japanese government began taking modernization seriously. japan expanded military production base opening arsenals in various locations. hyobusho (war office) replaced w...

History Brentwood, Los Angeles

brentwood part of rancho san vicente y santa monica, mexican land-grant ranch sold off in pieces sepúlveda family after mexican-american war. modern development began after establishment of 600-acre (2.4 km) pacific branch of national home disabled soldiers , sailors in 1880s. small community sprang outside facility s west gate, taking on name westgate. annexed city of los angeles on june 14, 1916, westgate s 49 square miles (130 km) included large parts of pacific palisades , small portion of today s bel-air. westgate avenue 1 of last reminders of namesake. the sunset fields golf club, known brentwood country club since 1941, hosted running part of modern pentathlon event in 1932 summer olympics. the preceding statement incorrect , caused confusion of olympic events & locations. brentwood country club known brentwood country club @ time of 1932 los angeles olympics. appears brentwood country club @ 590 burlingame avenue in los angeles city directory 1933, have been compil...

Vehicles Space frame

1 vehicles 1.1 aircraft 1.2 cars 1.3 motorcycles , bicycles vehicles yeoman ya-1 vs ca-6 wackett frames. aircraft the cac ca-6 wackett , yeoman ya-1 cropmaster 250r aircraft built using same welded steel tube fuselage frame. cars spaceframes used in chassis designs of automobiles , motorcycles. in both spaceframe , tube-frame chassis, suspension, engine, , body panels attached skeletal frame of tubes, , body panels have little or no structural function. contrast, in unibody or monocoque design, body serves part of structure. tube-frame chassis pre-date spaceframe chassis , development of earlier ladder chassis. advantage of using tubes rather previous open channel sections resist torsional forces better. tube chassis little more ladder chassis made 2 large diameter tubes, or single tube backbone chassis. although many tubular chassis developed additional tubes , described spaceframes , design correctly stressed spaceframe , behaved mechanically tube ladder chassis, additional brackets...