Consequences Treaty of Vilnius (1561)

polish-lithuanian commonwealth superimposed on modern borders, duchy of livonia shown in dark grey, duchy of courland , semigallia in light grey, grand duchy of lithuania in purple, swedish estonia , danish Øsel in green.

báthory regarded re-conquered territories war booty, refused confirm privilegium sigismundi augusti, , in 1582 replaced constitutiones livoniae, tolerated indigenat , augsburg confession, revoked status elementary right , else did not contain privileges. traditional german administration , jurisdiction gradually impaired establishment of voivodeships, appointment of royal officials, , replacement of german polish administrative language. riga added polish-lithuanian livonia treaty of drohiczyn of 14 january 1581, including corpus privilegiorum stephanorum reducing freedoms.

under stephen báthory, duchy of livonia subjected counter-reformation led bishop otto von schenking, had converted catholicism, , jesuits of riga , dorpat (tartu). respective jesuit colleges , catholic bishopric see in wenden (cēsis) founded in 1566. counter-reformation focussed on latvian , estonian population, since not explicitly mentioned in privilegium sigismundi augusti - disputed interpretation since german livonian estates traditionally spoke livonians. lutherans forbidden preach in estonian, latvian , russian language, while @ same time catholic documents published in these languages. stephen batory participated in counter-reformation granting revenues , estates confiscated protestants catholic church , initiating (largely unsuccessful) recruitment campaign catholic colonists.

these measures proved have limited impact on estonian , latvian population, while alienating german gentry degree supported swedish take-over of livonia (without latgalia, courland , semigallia), formalized in treaties of altmark (1629) , stuhmsdorf (1635). polish–swedish wars had begun in 1600, when catholic sigismund iii vasa tried incorporate protestant swedish estonia polish-lithuanian duchy of livonia, whereupon local nobles turned duke of södermanland , later swedish king, charles ix protection. charles ix expelled polish forces estonia, , campaigns in duchy of livonia concluded in 1621 successor gustavus adolphus, established dominion of swedish livonia bulk of duchy of livonia.

swedish rule ended counter-reformation, , privileges of livonian nobles resembled outlined in privilegium sigismundi augusti. when in 1710 estonia , livonia capitulated russia during great northern war, capitulations explicitly referred privilegium sigismundi augusti, respective references being confirmed in treaty of nystad (1721).