Parasite-stress theory Parasitism

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parasites infect hosts within same geographical area (sympatric) more effectively. phenomenon supports red queen hypothesis, states interactions between species, such host , parasites, lead constant natural selection coadaptation. parasites track locally common hosts phenotypes, parasites less infective allopatric hosts, different geographical regions. when populations of lake snails exposed 2 pure parasites (digenetic trematode), whether sympatric parasites, allopatric parasites or mixture, parasites more effective in infecting sympatric snails allopatric snails. parasites apparently adapted infect local populations of snails.








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