Expert consultancy Pay to fly

^ 5. other analyses stakeholders , member states (pdf). cockpitseeker. 9 december 2015. retrieved 11 july 2015. 
^ offord, rosie; kouris, stefan; capek, hannah; wainwright, stephen (2 october 2015). study on employment , working conditions in air transport , airports (pdf). ec.europa.eu (3.0 ed.). steer davies gleave. pp. 21, 159, 163. retrieved 11 july 2016. pay-to-fly schemes schemes require pilots contribute financially airline in order allowed fly , gain requisite flight experience . junior pilots without significant amounts of flight (type rating) experience particularly vulnerable such practices, although not clear how prevalent is, or precisely airlines offering these schemes. [...] pay-to-fly acknowledged in published literature (e.g. atypical employment study, ghent university) issue stakeholders did not comment in area.