Resistance Colistin

some strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia

variable resistance

aeromonas
vibrio
prevotella
fusobacterium
escherichia coli




^ liu yy, wang y, walsh tr, yi lx, zhang r, spencer j, doi y, tian g, dong b, huang x, yu lf, gu d, ren h, chen x, lv l, d, zhou h, liang z, liu jh, shen j (2016). emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism mcr-1 in animals , human beings in china: microbiological , molecular biological study . lancet infect dis. 16 (2): 161–8. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00424-7. pmid 26603172. 
^ zhang, sarah. resistance antibiotic of last resort silently spreading . atlantic. retrieved 2017-01-12. 
^ maryn mckenna. apocalypse pig redux: last-resort resistance in europe . phenomena. retrieved 28 may 2016. 
^ first discovery in united states of colistin resistance in human e. coli infection . www.sciencedaily.com. retrieved 2016-05-27. 
^ emergence of pan drug resistance amongst gram negative bacteria! first case series india . december 2014. 
^ new worry: resistance last antibiotic surfaces in india . 28 december 2014. 
^ bialvaei az, samadi kafil h (19 march 2015). colistin, mechanisms , prevalence of resistance . curr med res opin. 31 (4): 707–21. doi:10.1185/03007995.2015.1018989. pmid 25697677. 
^ discovery of first mcr-1 gene in e. coli bacteria found in human in united states . cdc.gov. u.s. department of health , human services. 31 may 2016. retrieved 6 july 2016. 
^ napier ba, burd em, satola sw, cagle sm, ray sm, mcgann p, pohl j, lesho ep, weiss ds (21 may 2013). clinical use of colistin induces cross-resistance host antimicrobials in acinetobacter baumannii . mbio. 4 (3): e00021–13–e00021–13. doi:10.1128/mbio.00021-13. pmc 3663567 . pmid 23695834. 
^ markou n, apostolakos h, koumoudiou c, athanasiou m, koutsoukou a, alamanos i, gregorakos l (2003). intravenous colistin in treatment of sepsis multiresistant gram-negative bacilli in critically ill patients . crit care. 7 (5): r78–83. doi:10.1186/cc2358. pmc 270720 . pmid 12974973.