Gemology Inclusion (mineral)

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an insect encased in amber, has gas bubbles protruding thorax , head.



the term 3 phase relates 3 phases of matter, solid, liquid, , gas. 3 phase inclusion in rock crystal quartz. solid black material of bituminous origin. liquid encased petroleum, , gas bubble methane.


inclusions 1 of important factors when comes gem valuation. in many gemstones, such diamonds, inclusions affect clarity of gem, diminishing value. in gems, however, such star sapphires, inclusion increases value of gem.


many colored gemstones, such amethyst, emerald, , sapphire, expected have inclusions, , inclusions not affect stone s value. colored gemstones categorized 3 types follows:



type colored gems include gems little or no inclusions. include aquamarines, topaz , zircon.
type ii colored gems include have few inclusions. include sapphire, ruby, garnet , spinel.
type iii colored gems include have inclusions. gems in category include emerald , tourmaline.


























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