History Parasitism

1 history

1.1 ancient
1.2 medieval
1.3 modern
1.4 birth of modern parasitology

history
ancient

human parasites including roundworms, guinea worm, threadworms , tapeworms mentioned in egyptian papyrus records 3000 bc onwards; ebers papyrus describes hookworm. in ancient greece, parasites including bladder worm described in hippocratic corpus, while comic playwright aristophanes called tapeworms hailstones . roman physicians celsus , galen documented roundworms ascaris lumbricoides , enterobius vermicularis.

medieval

the persian physician avicenna recorded human , animal parasites including roundworms, threadworms, guinea worm , tapeworms.

early modern

a plate francesco redi s osservazioni intorno agli animali viventi che si trovano negli animali viventi (observations on living animals found inside living animals), 1684

antonie van leeuwenhoek observed , illustrated giardia lamblia in 1681, , linked own loose stools . first protozoan parasite of humans recorded, , first seen under microscope.

francesco redi described ecto- , endoparasites in 1687 book esperienze intorno alla generazione degl insetti, illustrating ticks, larvae of nasal flies of deer, , sheep liver fluke. 1684 book osservazioni intorno agli animali viventi che si trovano negli animali viventi (observations on living animals, in living animals) described , illustrated on 100 parasites including human roundworm. noted parasites develop eggs, contradicting theory of spontaneous generation.

birth of modern parasitology

modern parasitology developed in 19th century accurate observations several researchers , clinicians. in 1828, james annersley described amoebiasis, protozoal infections of intestines , liver, though pathogen, entamoeba histolytica, not discovered until 1873 friedrich lösch. james paget discovered intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis in humans in 1835. james mcconnell described human liver fluke in 1875. patrick manson discovered life cycle of elephantiasis, caused nematode worms transmitted mosquitoes, in 1877. manson further predicted malaria parasite, plasmodium, had mosquito vector, , persuaded ronald ross investigate. ross confirmed prediction correct in 1897–1898. @ same time, giovanni battista grassi , others described malaria parasite s life cycle stages in anopheles mosquitoes. ross controversially awarded 1902 nobel prize work, while grassi not.