History Fujian

1 history

1.1 prehistoric fujian
1.2 minyue
1.3 imperial china

1.3.1 han dynasty
1.3.2 first han chinese migration
1.3.3 sui , tang dynasties
1.3.4 song dynasty
1.3.5 ming dynasty
1.3.6 qing dynasty


1.4 republican china
1.5 people s republic

history
prehistoric fujian

recent archaeological discoveries demonstrate fujian had entered neolithic age middle of 6th millennium bc. keqiutou site (7450–5590 bp), neolithic site in pingtan island located 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of fuzhou, numerous tools made of stones, shells, bones, jades, , ceramics (including wheel-made-ceramics) have been unearthed, spinning wheels, definitive evidence of weaving.

the tanshishan (昙石山) site (5500–4000 bp) in suburban fuzhou spans neolithic , chalcolithic age semi-underground circular buildings found in lower level. huangtulun (黄土崙) site (ca.1325 bc), in suburban fuzhou, of bronze age in character.

minyue

fujian kingdom of minyue located. word mǐnyuè derived combining mǐn (閩/闽; pe̍h-ōe-jī: bân), perhaps ethnic name , associated chinese word barbarians (蠻/蛮; pinyin: mán; poj: bân), , yuè , after state of yue, spring , autumn period kingdom in zhejiang north. because royal family of yuè fled fujian after kingdom annexed state of chu in 306 bc. mǐn name of main river in area, ethnonym earlier.

imperial china
han dynasty

minyue de facto kingdom until 1 of emperors of qin dynasty, first unified imperial chinese state, abolished status. in aftermath of fall of qin dynasty, civil war broke out between 2 warlords, xiang yu , liu bang. minyue king wuzhu sent troops fight side-by-side liu bang , gamble paid off. liu bang victorious , founded han dynasty. in 202 bc, restored minyue s status tributary independent kingdom. thus, wuzhu allowed construct fortified city in fuzhou few locations in wuyi mountains, have been excavated in recent years. kingdom extended beyond borders of contemporary fujian eastern guangdong, eastern jiangxi, , southern zhejiang.

after death of wuzhu, minyue maintained militant tradition , launched several expeditions against neighboring kingdoms in guangdong, jiangxi, , zhejiang, in 2nd century bc. stopped han dynasty expanded southward. han emperor decided rid of potential threat sending military campaign against minyue. large forces approached minyue simultaneously 4 directions via land , sea in 111 bc. rulers in fuzhou surrendered avoid futile fight , destruction; first kingdom in fujian history came abrupt end.

the han dynasty collapsed @ end of 2nd century ad, paving way 3 kingdoms era. sun quan, founder of kingdom of wu, spent twenty years subduing shan yue people, branch of yue living in mountains.

first han chinese migration

the first wave of immigration of noble class arrived in province in 4th century when western jin dynasty collapsed , north torn apart invasions nomadic peoples north, civil war. these immigrants 8 families in central china: lin (林), huang (黄), chen (陈), zheng (郑), zhan (詹), qiu (邱), (何), , hu (胡). first 4 remain major surnames of modern fujian.

nevertheless, isolation nearby areas owing rugged terrain contributed fujian s relatively undeveloped economy , level of development, despite major population boosts northern china during barbarian invasions. population density in fujian remained low compared rest of china. 2 commanderies , sixteen counties established western jin dynasty. other southern provinces such guangdong, guangxi, guizhou, , yunnan, fujian served destination exiled prisoners , dissidents @ time.

during southern , northern dynasties era, southern dynasties reigned south of yangtze river, including fujian.

sui , tang dynasties

during sui , tang eras large influx of migrants came , settled in fujian.

the tang dynasty (618–907) oversaw next golden age of china contributed boom of fujian’s culture , economy. fuzhou s economic , cultural institutions grew , developed. later years of tang dynasty saw number of political upheavals in chinese heartland, prompting wave of chinese immigrate fujian.

as tang dynasty ended, china torn apart in period of 5 dynasties , ten kingdoms. during time, second major wave of immigration arrived in safe haven of fujian, led general wang, set independent kingdom of min capital in fuzhou. after death of founding king, however, kingdom suffered internal strife, , swallowed southern tang, southern kingdom.

quanzhou blooming seaport under reign of min kingdom , largest seaport in world. population greater fuzhou. due ispah rebellion, quanzhou severely damaged.

song dynasty

the lý dynasty monarchs of vietnam of chinese ethnicity. fujian province, jinjiang village origin of lý thái tổ 李公蘊, ancestor of lý dynasty ruling family. china, fujian home of lý công uẩn. ethnic chinese background of lý công uẩn has been accepted vietnamese historian trần quốc vượng.

the founder of trần dynasty in vietnam, emperor trần thái tông great grandson of chinese person came vietnam fujian, chinese chen clan , several members of family, prince trần quốc tuấn continued able speak chinese name of prince’sa great grandfather trần kinh.

people song dynasty china, zhao zhong , xu zongdao, fled tran dynasty (which ruled vietnam) after mongol invasion of song. tran dynasty originated fujian region of china. daoist cleric xu zongdaowho recorded mongol invasion , referred them northern bandits came fujian.

fujian origin of ethnic chinese tran migrated vietnam along large amount of other chinese, during vietnamese ly dynasty, served officials. distinctly chinese last names found in tran , ly dynasty imperial exam records. ethnic chinese recorded in tran , ly dynasty records of officials. clothing, food, , language chinese dominated in van don tran had moved after leaving home province of fujian. chinese language still spoken tran in vietnam. ocean side area of vietnam colonized chinese migrants fujian included tran among them located capital s southeastern area. red river delta subjected migration fujian including tran , van don port arose result of interaction. guangdong , fujian chinese moved halong located van don coastal port during ly anh tong s rule in order engage in commerce. usurpation of ly occurred after married fishing fujianese tran family.

in 1172 fujian attacked pi-she-ye pirates taiwan.

ming dynasty

in ming dynasty, quanzhou staging area , supply depot of zheng s naval expeditions. further development severely hampered sea trade ban of ming dynasty, , area superseded nearby ports of guangzhou, hangzhou, ningbo , shanghai despite lifting of ban in 1550. large-scale piracy wokou wiped out chinese military , japanese authority of toyotomi hideyoshi.

an account of ming dynasty fujian written no in 鲁认.

the pisheya appear in quanzhou ming era records.

qing dynasty

the late ming , qing dynasty symbolized era of large influx of refugees , 20 years of sea trade ban under kangxi emperor, measure intended counter refuge ming government of koxinga in island of taiwan.

the seaban implented qing forced many people evacuate coast in order deprive koxinga s ming loyalists of resources, has led myth because manchus afraid of water .

incoming refugees, however, did not translate major labor force owing re-migration prosperous regions of guangdong. in 1683, qing dynasty conquered taiwan , annexed fujian province, taiwan prefecture. settlement of taiwan han chinese followed, , majority of people in taiwan descendants of hokkien people southern fujian. fujian arrived @ present extent after taiwan developed independent province (fujian-taiwan-province) starting in 1885. ten more years later, qing ceded taiwan japan via treaty of shimonoseki after losing first sino-japanese war in 1895.

republican china

see fujian people s government

people s republic

owing mountainous landscape, fujian secluded province of prc in eastern china due lack of rail , underdeveloped networks of paved roads before 1950s. first railway province, yingtan-xiamen railway, completed in 1957. despite secluded location, fujian has had strong academic tradition since southern song dynasty. @ time, north china occupied jurchen jin dynasty during jin-song wars, caused shift of cultural center of china south, benefiting fuzhou , other southern cities. in chinese academy of science , chinese academy of engineering, there more members fuzhou other city. in addition, should pointed out slow development of fujian in days has proven blessing province s ecology; today, province has highest forest coverage rate , diverse biosphere in china whereas central china suffers severe overpopulation , displays severe signs of soil erosion accompanied frequent droughts , floods due lack of forest coverage.

since late 1970s, economy of fujian along coast has benefited geographic , cultural proximity taiwan. in 2003, xiamen ranked number 8 gdp per capita among 659 chinese cities, ahead of shanghai , beijing, while fuzhou ranked no. 21 (number 4 among 30 provincial capitals). development has been accompanied large influx of population over-populated areas in north , west, , of farmland , forest cultural heritage sites such temples of king wuzhu have given way ubiquitous high-rise buildings, , government faces challenges @ levels sustain development while, @ same time, preserving unique , vital natural , cultural heritage of fujian.

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