Kingdom of Macedon Hellenistic period

philip v, darling of hellas , wearing royal diadem.

antigonus ii, student of zeno of citium, spent of rule defending macedon against epirus , cementing macedonian power in greece, first against athenians in chremonidean war, , against achaean league of aratus of sicyon. under antigonids, macedonia short on funds, pangaeum mines no longer productive under philip ii, wealth alexander s campaigns had been used , countryside pillaged gallic invasion. large number of macedonian population had been resettled abroad alexander or had chosen emigrate new eastern greek cities. 2 thirds of population emigrated, , macedonian army count on levy of 25,000 men, smaller force under philip ii.

antigonus ii ruled until death in 239 bc. son demetrius ii died in 229 bc, leaving child (philip v) king, general antigonus doson regent. doson led macedon victory in war against spartan king cleomenes iii, , occupied sparta.

philip v, came power when doson died in 221 bc, last macedonian ruler both talent , opportunity unite greece , preserve independence against cloud rising in west : ever-increasing power of rome. known darling of hellas . under auspices peace of naupactus (217 bc) brought latest war between macedon , greek leagues (the social war 220-217) end, , @ time controlled of greece except athens, rhodes , pergamum.

in 215 bc philip, eye on illyria, formed alliance rome s enemy hannibal of carthage, led roman alliances achaean league, rhodes , pergamum. first macedonian war broke out in 212 bc, , ended inconclusively in 205 bc. philip continued wage war against pergamum , rhodes control of aegean (204-200 bc) , ignored roman demands non-intervention in greece invading attica. in 198 bc, during second macedonian war philip decisively defeated @ cynoscephalae roman proconsul titus quinctius flamininus , macedon lost territories in greece proper. southern greece thoroughly brought roman sphere of influence, though retained nominal autonomy. end of antigonid macedon came when philip v s son, perseus, defeated , captured romans in third macedonian war (171–168 bc).